Green River, Rocky Mountains, July 20, 1833.
DEAR BROTHER.-I am now on my route from the head of Co-
lumbia river, to the mouth of the Yellow Stone, where it empties
into the Missouri. You can have no idea of the anxiety and toil
of such a march. With “returns” of some value, our party are
traversing a country frequented by bands of Indians, whose
friendship can only be depended on, when our vigilance and
strength sets hostility at defiance. From our point of destination,
we will send our beaver, &c. by water to St. Louis,-and I will
probably build a fort, and establish a trading station in the vicinity.
Yesterday I met a party of the Shoshonee9 or Snake Indians,
with their principal chief “^he Iron Wristband.” We had a smoke
and talk, as is usual on such occasions; in the course of which I
discovered that my new friend wished to employ me in the capacity
of ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, on a
mission to the Crow Indians; through whose country I intend to
pass. Much as I have been accustomed to the tact and shrewdness
of Indian chiefs, I have seldom seen stronger proofs of political
cunning, than on this occasion.
The Iron Wristband had lately succeeded his father “Petticoat,”
as chief of the nation. It seems that a misunderstanding had arisen
between the Snakes and Crows,-not so serious as to lead to
immediate open hostilities,-yet sufficient to render it doubtful
whether they could meet as friends. To ascertain the views of the
Crows; and if hostile, to deliver a suitable defiance, were to be the
objects of my mission. After some preliminary conversation, the chief made me a speech,
in which were condensed his final instructions. I took notes of it at
the time, and herewith give you the substance. The sententious
brevity and emphatic point, would have put some of your long
winded orators to the blush;-and few of them could convey their
meaning with more accuracy.
“Write a letter,” said he “to the Crows. Let it be in two parts.
Tell them my people wish to know their Intentions. We are anxious
to go to war with the Black Feet Indians (common enemies to the
Crows and Snakes). We do not wish to fight with our former friends
and allies-the Crows;-nor to divide our strength by keeping
some war parties at home to protect our squaws. No,-we wish to
be friends with the Crows; we wish to join them, against the Black
Feet;-we wish to smoke, trade and intermarry with their people.
If they will agree to this, we will be happy;-we will love them as
neighbours-as friends-as allies.
“Should the Crow Indians reject these offers of peace, then the
Snakes hurl defiance at them. Let them come. There are many
heroes among us, who have never known fear. We will meet them
with as much ferocity as enemies as we could have cordially greeted
them as friends. We are not afraid. We will call on our friends the
Shians, Aripahoes, Utaws and Navahoes, before the snow comes,
and will grind them to death!
“Let this be your letter. Divide it into two parts. If the offer of
peace be accepted, then destroy the other. If not, then give them
our defiance, and tell them to come on.”
“Eight years ago, when we first saw the long knife (Gen. A–y)”
there had been war between us and the Crows. We had killed many
of them. They were as children in our hands. Your friend, the Long
Knife, offered to make peace. He gave us large presents. We con-
sented; and since then, the tomahawk has been buried. Our wish
is still for peace. Let their answer be frank and candid. Peace or
war, is the same to us;-only let them say which they prefer.”
I listened with much attention, and no small share of admiration
to this brief harangue. Were you familiar with the position of the
parties, you would see in every sentence, evidence of deep policy,
and consummate political skill. The Snakes were deeply appre-
hensive of the effects if a war with the Crows; for they could not
wage war with that nation, and the Black Feet: yet an Indian
well knows the danger of admitting weakness; or asking as a boon,
what he knows can only be held by his rifle.
On parting, I promised the chief to write and deliver the letter
“in two parts” according to his wishes;-and hope to succeed in
establishing peace between those nations.
Yours, &c. &c.